• Chakrabarti, Prabal, David Erickson, Ren S. Essene, Ian Galloway and John Olson, eds.  Revisiting the CRA: Perspectives on the Future of the Community Reinvestment Act, 2009.
  
• Mullins, Luke.  "Sheila Bair: Stop Blaming the Community Reinvestment Act." U.S. News and World Report, December 17, 2008.
• Traiger & Hinckley, LLP. The Community Reinvestment Act: A Welcome Anomaly in the Foreclosure Crisis.  Indications that the CRA Deterred Irresponsible Lending in the 15 Most Populous U.S. Metropolitan Areas.  January 7, 2008.
  
• Marsico, Richard D., "The 2004-2005 Amendments to the Community Reinvestment Act Regulations: For Communities, One Step Forward the Three Steps Back,” Clearinghouse Review 39 (2006): 534.
  
• Barr, Michael S., "Credit Where it Counts: The Community Reinvestment Act and Its Critics," New York University Law Review 80 (2005): 513.
• Apgar, William C. and Mark Duda, "The Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of the Community Reinvestment Act: Past Accomplishments and Future Regulatory Challenges,” FRBNY Economic Policy Review (June, 2003): 169.
  
• Engel, Kathleen C., and Patricia A. McCoy, “The CRA Implications of Predatory Lending,” Fordham Urban Law Journal, XXIX, (April, 2002).
• Avery, Robert B., Raphael W. Bostic, Glenn B. Canner, "The Performance and Profitability of CRA-Related Lending, " Economic Commentary, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, (November, 2000).
  
  
• Litan, Robert E., Nicolas P. Retsinas, Eric S. Belsky, Susan White Haag, "The Community Reinvestment Act after Financial Modernization: A Baseline Report" The United States Department of the Treasury, (April, 2000).
  
• Rodburg, Susan E. and Richard C. Walker, III, Closing the Gap:  A Guide to Equal Opportunity Lending, A Report by the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
  

Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) Data Articles

• Robert B. Avery, Kenneth P. Brevoort, and Glenn B. Canner, The 2007 HMDA data, December 2008
  
• Robert B. Avery, Kenneth P. Brevoort, and Glenn B. Canner, The 2006 HMDA data, December 2007
  
• Robert B. Avery, Kenneth P. Brevoort, and Glenn B. Canner, The 2005 HMDA data, September 2006

 

 

• Revisiting CRA: A Policy Discussion (February 24, 2009)
  Hosted by the Federal Reserve Banks of Boston and San Francisco and the Federal Reserve Board of Governors in Washington, D.C.
  
• CRA and the Future of Community Redevelopment (February 6, 2009)
  Hosted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland
  
• National Interagency Community Reinvestment Conference (March 30-April 2, 2008)
  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and Office of Thrift Supervision in San Francisco.

 

 

Regulation BB implements the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 (CRA), which requires that the federal regulators of banks and thrifts encourage those institutions to help meet the credit needs of the local communities in which they are chartered. The CRA directs the regulatory agencies to assess each institution's record in meeting the credit needs of its entire community, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods, consistent with safe and sound operations. The CRA also directs the agencies to take these records into account in evaluating the institutions' applications for deposit facilities, such as a merger with another bank.

Regulation BB implements these requirements and addresses a variety of related matters, including the collection, maintenance, and reporting of data about an institution's performance in meeting the credit needs of its community and the institution's public disclosure of materials evaluating or commenting on its performance. The other three federal bank and thrift regulatory agencies have promulgated regulations substantially identical to Regulation BB.

CRA Regulations and Resources

• Background and purpose of the CRA
  The Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council website contains detailed information on the CRA and its implementing regulations, including CRA National Aggregate Reports since 1996.
  
• Community Reinvestment Act Statute
  The Act of 1977, and updates from FIRREA in 1989 and GLB in 1999
  
• Final Community Reinvestment Act Rules
  
• Interagency Questions and Answers
• Regulations that implement the CRA issued by the four regulatory agencies:
  Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (FRB)
  
  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
  Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC)
  Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS)
• CRA performance ratings
• Additional CRA resources from the Federal Reserve Board of Governors
  
• The State of Massachusetts Community Reinvestment Act & Outreach Unit
  This unit is responsible for conducting examinations of state-chartered banks and credit unions to determine compliance with the Massachusetts Community Reinvestment Act (CRA), the Equal Credit Oppurtunity Act (ECOA), the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA), and other consumer protection and fair lending laws and regulations.
  

Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA)
The Home Mortgage Disclosure Act was enacted by Congress in 1975 and is implemented by the Federal Reserve Board's Regulation C. This regulation provides the public with loan data that can be used to assist: in determining whether financial institutions are serving the housing needs of their communities; public officials in distributing public-sector investments so as to attract private investment to areas where it is needed; and in identifying possible discriminatory lending patterns. This regulation applies to certain financial institutions, including banks, savings associations, credit unions, and other mortgage lending institutions.